Abstract: High-speed urbanization exercises an obvious influence on urban climate factors, so urban climate characteristics appear to have “five islands” effects, and they bring a series of impacts on people’s production work and livelihood. The paper summarizes some theories, research methods and focus problems about urban heat island research against the background of global warming and highspeed urbanization, and furthermore, the paper comes up with the problems and gives a prospect of urban climate research. At present, it is important to study the cause, strength, range and impact of urban heat island effect, the researches have an important theoretical significance in the study of urban boundary layer and urban energy balance, at the same time, they have an important application value in terms of urban environment construction, urban planning, urban architectural design, urban energy using and the health of residents.