Abstract: Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing mankind in the 21st century. It has a great impact on all aspects of human life, and both directly and indirectly threatens human health. Globally, the complex relationships among climate change, environmental quality, and human health are core research issues. This paper reviews the latest research on health risks in the context of climate change, including synergistic effects of temperature and humidity on public health, the effects of climate change on indoor and outdoor air quality as they impact health, and current and future approaches to meeting climate change challenges to health. The review is based on the latest work published by international organizations: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), World Health Organization (WHO), as well as scholars at home and abroad. Effective measures and strategies to cope with and mitigate the impact of global climate change on public health are suggested. The suggested strategies to address anticipated impacts of climate change are from the IPCC, the 24th Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC COP 24), European heat wave-health action plans and national policies developed in China such as the “Healthy China 2030” plan. These can provide guidance for public health policy and action as China’s pro-actively responds to climate change so as to mitigate its health risks.