Abstract: Central Asia is the largest non-zonality arid areas in the world, and the regional climate and weather is significantly different with the Europe and East Asia. It is a key region, which is weather upstream in Northwest China and the eastern region of the severe weather, and regional climate change has an important effect. However, the regional climate research in Central Asia is unclearly, especially extreme precipitation. The change of wet-dry climate in Central Asia is different with that of East Asia monsoon region, and it shows obvious characteristics of “westerly mode”. On the suborbital time scale, the external drive, such as solar radiation, plays an important role in the hydrothermal change in Central Asia, while, the internal variability is more important for the precipitation change on the centennial to decadal scale in Central Asia. The interdecadal and interannual precipitation anomalies in Xinjiang are caused by the activity of high, medium and low latitude systems and low value systems in Central Asia. The Western Asia westerly jet is the link that connects the interaction of the high, middle and low latitude circulation systems. The regional dry and wet changes are insignificant on the whole region, but there is an obvious decreasing trend in the 21st century. Based on the existing weather observation network, we conduct the intensive observation experiments of the mesoscale systems and cloud physical characteristics of extreme precipitation in the typical regions in Central Asia, and we also establish a standardized sharing platform, to further study the structure of extreme precipitation and trigger mechanism of extreme precipitation in Central Asia.