Abstract: Based on the daily precipitation and high temperature data of 18 meteorological stations in Hainan Island from 1966 to 2018, the correlation between drought and high temperature in Southwestern Hainan Island was analyzed. The result shows that in Southwestern Hainan Island, with more frequency high temperature days and drought, the spatial distributions of high temperature and drought from April to June are comparatively similar, and the consistency between the years with extremely less precipitation and the years with extremely more high temperature days is good. In each of those years, there were severe drought disasters, which indicated that the high temperature contributed to the development of meteorological drought. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly average data are used to compare and analyze the atmospheric circulation anomalies from April to June in extreme drought and flood years. It indicates that the weak blocking high, East Asian trough and Aleutian lower, strong South Asia high, and the abnormal anticyclonic air circulation over Hainan Island, high-level convergence and low-level divergence formed the abnormal circulation background of high temperature and drought weathers in Southwestern Hainan Island from April to June.