Abstract: The Huaihe River basin is located in the transitional region of China’s north-south climate. The climate of Huaihe River Basin is complex and unpredictable, with large differences in the temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall. Historically, the Yellow River has invaded and seized Huaihe River for a long time, causing it to lose its estuary. The Huaihe River therefore became unruly and suffered from frequent floods and droughts, which gave it the name “the most difficult river to manage”. This paper focuses on the development of large-scale scientific experiments, hydro-meteorological science and technology, and meteorological services in the Huaihe River Basin. The achievements of scientific experiments, the development of science and technology, and the history of meteorological operations have been analyzed and summarized. Since the 1990s, scientific experiments and technical research and development have been carried out on meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation in the Huaihe River Basin. The Huaihe River Basin Meteorological Center was then established, which have significantly improved the mechanism and service capacity of meteorological services in the basin and played an important role in flood control and flood prevention in the basin. The development vision was accordingly proposed for the meteorological services in the basin during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.