Abstract: Based on the data of the third national water resources survey and evaluation, the evolution characteristics and interrelation of surface water resources and precipitation in Huaihe River basin are analyzed. The precipitation and runoff in the basin are characterized by concentrated flood season, seasonal unevenness and great difference in monthly extreme value. Overall, the variation range of surface water resources is relatively small compared with that of precipitation, and the relationship between precipitation and runoff has not changed significantly. According to the analysis of mould rains and water resources in Huaihe River Basin, it is found that the consistency between runoff and mould rains is high. The relationship between annual runoff and precipitation intensity in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River is analyzed for the first time by using stepwise regression method, it is found that: Daily precipitation of 0-10, accounts for the largest proportion of annual precipitation (29.7%), however, it produces only 11.5% of annual runoff. Daily precipitation of 30-40, accounts for the 10.9% of annual precipitation, however, it produces largest proportion of annual runoff (25.4%). The amount of mould rain determines the quantity of water resources.The effect of typhoon precipitation on Huaihe River Basin is more beneficial than harmful, and it can alleviate the drought and supplement water resources. In order to effectively deal with the threat of floods caused by typhoon and other heavy rainfall, and better control and utilization of water resources, it is necessary to strengthen the study of hydrological and meteorological coupling.