Abstract: Landsat8 remote sensing data, land use data, geomorphic data were used to establish rock desertification monitoring and identification indicators and these indicators were used in Wushan rock desertification detection and identification, finally analyzed the Ecological vegetation status in the rock desertification area. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The area of rocky desertification (including 4 grades of slight rocky desertification, moderate rocky desertification, severe rocky desertification and extremely severe rocky desertification) is 875.9 km², and the area of nil rocky desertification and potential rocky desertification is respectively 1302.8 km² and 771.1 km². (2) The vegetation ecological environment in the nil rocky desertification area is the best, followed by the potential rocky desertification area, and is poor in the rocky desertification area.