Abstract: Research of eco- and agro-meteorology mainly focuses on the impact of climate change in China at present, but there are still great uncertainties in the research of vulnerability and risk prediction, and even the prediction research cannot be conducted. Taking the vulnerability and risk of eco-/agro-meteorology as an entry point, from the aspects of geography/planting distribution, phenology/growth period and productivity/yield in ecology/agriculture, this paper summarizes the research progress of eco-/agro-meteorology in China. It is pointed out that the results are difficult to meet the needs of high-quality ecological protection and food security based on the existing research. And the key research tasks to be carried out in the future are proposed, namely, research on carrying capacity and its optimized layout of eco-/agro-meteorology, catastrophe process and regulation mechanism of eco-/agro-meteorology, the evaluation of the contribution rate of the meteorological conditions and its adaptation technology of changes in ecology and agriculture, the efficient utilization of climate resources and targeted regulation of high-quality ecological protection and food quality and efficiency. These tasks aim at promoting the research on the vulnerability and risk of eco- and agro-meteorology of China, as well as providing bases for responding scientifically to climate change.