Abstract: In this paper, the temporal and spatial characteristics of precipitation, airflow and water vapor over Northwest China (NW)and the experimental areas of Qilian Mountain, Tianshan Mountain, Liupan Mountain and Sanjiangyuan are studied by using highresolution meteorological observation data, reanalysis data and satellite remote sensing data. Results indicated that: the temporal and spatial characteristics of the precipitation under the complex terrain conditions could be well described based on the refined precipitation data, and the developed hourly precipitation fusion algorithm is effective to analyze the high-frequency precipitation.In wet years, the experimental areas is controlled by the convergence airflow in the lower layer due to the effect of plateau suction, benefiting the formation of precipitation. In dry years, the cold northly winds prevailed in the experimental areas, not benefiting the formation of precipitation. The climate characteristics and the inter-annual change feature of the water vapor over NW and experimental areas are analyzed based on the model data. The water vapor products retrieved by MODIS and FY satellites are calibrated, and the climate characteristics of water vapor content over NW are analyzed.