广东梅州地区地闪活动特征和降水关系分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Activity and Its Relationship with Precipitation in Meizhou, Guangdong Province

  • 摘要: 本文利用闪电定位、降水量和雷达资料对2024年4月广东梅州地区地闪活动特征和降水关系进行分析研究。结果表明:从整体特征看,正地闪与降水的相关关系要强于总地闪与降水的相关关系,闪电相关降水与地闪频数同步波动并在夜间随闪电减弱而下降,闪电相关降水对夜间降水的贡献较小;对15个雷暴过程分析发现,具有较高正闪比的雷暴通常具有更小的闪电相关降水,相反,较低正闪比的雷暴会带来更多的闪电相关降水,且对整个过程降水量的贡献也更大,但不同过程闪电和降水二者线性关系不一,地闪极值和降水极值也没有明显对应关系,二者很少同时到达峰值;通过进一步对一个雷暴个例分析发现,负地闪相较于正地闪更为集中,主要分布在回波顶高梯度变化区域,正地闪分布区域则具有非连续性,既分布于雷达反射率高的区域,也分布于强降水云系后方的层状云区域;闪电最活跃的区域与强降水区域比较对应,降水越强闪电活动越集中。

     

    Abstract: In this paper, lightning location data, rainfall data, and radar data were used to analyze the characteristics of cloudto-ground (CG) lightning activity and its relationship with precipitation in Meizhou, Guangdong Province in April 2024. The results show that the correlation between positive CG lightning and precipitation is stronger than that between total CG lightning and precipitation. Lightning-related precipitation fluctuates synchronously with the lightning frequency and decreases at night as the lightning weakens, and lightning-related precipitation contributes less to night-time precipitation. Through the analysis of 15 thunderstorm processes, it was found that thunderstorms with a higher positive flash ratio tend to have less lightning-related precipitation. Conversely, thunderstorms with a lower positive flash ratio bring more lightning-related precipitation and contribute more to the total precipitation of the entire process. However, the linear relationship between lightning and precipitation varies in different processes. There is no obvious corresponding relationship between the extreme values of CG lightning and precipitation, and they rarely reach their peaks simultaneously. Through the further analysis of a thunderstorm case, it was found that negative CG lightning is more concentrated than positive CG lightning, mainly distributed in the area with a high echo-top height gradient. The distribution area of positive CG lightning is discontinuous, distributed not only in the area with high radar reflectivity but also in the stratiform cloud area behind the strong precipitation cloud system. The area with the most active lightning corresponds well to the strong precipitation area, and the stronger the precipitation, the more concentrated the lightning activity.

     

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